Soilless cultivation includes a variety of unconventional planting methods. Such as water cultivation and cultivation in sand and cultivation in pebbles, aerial cultivation and cultivation inside pipes and ... The word hydroponics was first used in the United States and is synonymous with soilless cultivation. But in Germany and Britain, water cultivation is called for this method ...

Soilless cultivation includes a variety of unconventional planting methods. Such as water cultivation and cultivation in sand and cultivation in pebbles, aerial cultivation and cultivation inside pipes and ... The word hydroponics was first used in the United States and is synonymous with soilless cultivation. But in Germany and England, water cultivation is called for this method.

Soilless plants have been used in occupied Palestine for many years in this region due to lack of water and soil, this method is a suitable alternative for cultivation of conventional methods.

Below are a variety of hydroponic cultures:

Aqueous or liquid cultivation: The roots of the plant are continuously located in the nutrient solution and the plant is out of the liquid from the crown (between the roots and stems) and with plastic and cardboard and ... is kept up . In-tube culture is also a type of liquid culture.

Cultivation in sand: The roots of plants are located inside solids with a diameter smaller than 3 mm and these materials such as plastics and rock wool or any other material that is not organic may be.

Cultivation in pebbles: The roots of plants are located in materials with a diameter greater than 3 mm, such as marble, volcanic lava, basalt and any other inorganic material.

In this method, irrigation is done in two forms: tubular irrigation (underground) where nutrients are in a reservoir and pumped to the plant growth bed, and surface irrigation where dilute nutrient solution is distributed at the growth environment level by perforation pipe (liquid fertilizer is added to the water used during irrigation).

Culture in the air: In this method, the roots of plants are located in an environment saturated by water droplets containing the necessary food. This method requires advanced equipment.

Culture in vermi colitis: The roots of the plant are located in vermi colitis mixed with minerals, cultivation in rock wool: The roots of the plant are placed inside rock wool and minerals that have characteristics similar to rock wool.

Water cultivation: This cultivation is mostly used for ornamental plants.

Cultivation in plastic: The roots are located inside plastic bags and the materials around the root include compost or peat or sawdust and ... is .

In general, soilless cultivation follows two systems:

Open system: Unused re-food solution such as cultivation in rock wool and bag cultivation and cultivation in pebbles
 Closed system: Re-food solution is used and in other words, the solution is in a cycle and only food that is reduced and water is added.

However, this method of soilless cultivation has some advantages and disadvantages compared to other common

methods of plant cultivation as described below:

Since the nutrient solution is liquid, it can be easily controlled and only the food that has been reduced is added to the solution, while in the soil it is impossible (it costs a lot of money).
Plants can be grown in areas that do not grow normally
Water consumption in this method is significantly reduced and this is an advantage for dry areas.
In this method, disinfecting the growth environment is very low cost while disinfecting the khag is expensive and impossible. Therefore, in this method, there is very little root contamination.
In this method, saline waters can also be used.
In this method, the product is much more and excellent quality because the food has been easily available to the plant, so in fact, the quality and quantity of the product per unit area has increased significantly.
In this method, the root volume is greatly reduced and the enlargement of the roots is microscopic and because the roots are less likely to be infected than the reduced soil culture.
The most important disadvantage of this method is that it requires a high investment because all systems must be automatic.
In order to cultivate plants with this method, people who have expertise and knowledge in this field are needed.
Contamination of groundwater due to mixing with food solutions is another problem. 11- Disposal of waste such as rock wool which are as growth environment is also difficult.

In general, this method is one of the new methods in agriculture that has a lot of work place and while many countries do this, at least it has a lot of work in Iran, and all of which requires a lot of capital and knowledge, but it is one of the disciplines that has a bright future in the agricultural world.

Benefits of hydroponic cultivation:

It can be used where the soil is not suitable or the soil has some diseases.
Plowing, irrigation, fighting soil pests, fighting weeds are not, and the rest of the farming operations are simpler.
It is used for areas where land is expensive to get the most high density crops.
There is no soil pollution in this project and less water pollution.
It is much easier to control environmental conditions including light, temperature, humidity and air composition.
It is used in areas with saline water, even if water-soluble salts are 500ppm with a 500 rinse.

Types of hydroponic cultivation

Soilless plants have been used in occupied Palestine for many years. In this region, due to lack of soil and water, this method is a suitable alternative to agriculture.

Below are a variety of hydroponic cultures:

Cultivation of water or liquid

Cultivation in pebbles

Cultivation in the air

Culture in vermi colitis

Cultivation in rock wool

Water Cultivation

Cultivation in Plastics

Aqueous or liquid cultivation in hydroponic cultivation

 The roots of the plant are constantly located in the nutrient solution and the plant is out of the liquid from the crown (between the roots and stems) and with plastic and cardboard and ... is kept up . In-tube culture is also a type of liquid culture.

Cultivation in the sand:

The roots of plants are located inside solids that are smaller than 3 mm in diameter, and these materials may be such as plastics and rock wool or any other material that is not organic.

Cultivation in pebbles in hydroponic cultivation

The roots of plants are located in materials with a diameter greater than 3 mm, such as stone, lava, fire, basalt and any other inorganic materials.

In this method, irrigation is done in two forms: tubular irrigation (underground) where nutrients are in a reservoir and pumped to the plant growth bed, and surface irrigation where dilute nutrient solution is distributed at the growth environment level by perforation pipe (liquid fertilizer is added to the water used during irrigation).

In-air culture a method of hydroponic culture methods

In this method, the roots of plants are located in an environment saturated by water droplets containing the necessary foods. This method requires advanced equipment.

Culture in vermi colitis in hydroponic culture

The root of the plant is located in vermi colitis mixed with minerals

Pure Hydroponic Systems (Clark & Food Film)

Clarke: This technique is used to study the required elements of corn and sorghum, but its nutrient solution management methods can also be used for other plants. In this system, the roots of plants are placed in a standing position in the nutrient solution, lettuce and other herbaceous vegetables have good growth in this system.

Food film technique: The most important hydroponic method was an important development in the field of hydroponics in 1970 with the invention of the food film technique by Alan Cooper. In this method, the roots of plants are suspended in a gill or a channel of nutrient solution in a closed system and the nutrient solution circulates in the environment.

Pure Hydroponic Systems (- Static System)

Static nutrient solution this is an old hydroponic technique but is still used for food studies of different types of plants. For this method, the following materials are required:

1- Nutrient solution

2- Pumped air

3 - A network of suitable root fibers pumps the air into the solution constantly.Air bubbles provide both the oxygen of the nutrient solution and the solution to flow.A simple type of it is such that it removes a cap that the light does not pass through and creates a hole to pass the root in it and an air tube attached to the pump. In the culture container, put the food solution in the container and put the lid on and put the plant in it. In this system, the nutrient solution changes every 7 to 14 days, and water losses must be compensated daily, the volume of nutrient solution for a plant (2 to 4 gallons) is 9 to 18 liters.

Guide to planting plants without soil (hydroponics)

According to a 2,500-year-old tradition, Iranians planted wheat or other plants in some water during Nowruz, and with it they prepared brunettes for haftsin tablecloths, this was perhaps the first hydroponic cultivation in the world that Iranians did.

Daily production of one ton of fodder in the space of 33 square meters: Using this technology in the space of 33 square meters, one ton of fresh fodder can be produced every day.This amount can supply the daily feed of a 300-horse ranch, a herd of 55 dairy or meat cows and a herd of 100 horseraces.